Open subpectoral biceps tenodesis: reliable treatment for all biceps tendon pathology.

Long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon pathology is a common cause of pain in the shoulder. Pathology encountered includes biceps tendon tears and tendonitis, biceps anchor or superior labral tears, and biceps subluxation or instability. Current surgical treatment options for LHB disorders include tenotomy and tenodesis. Tenodesis prevents cosmetic deformity and biceps cramping with activity. Open subpectoral tenodesis anatomically restores the length-tension relationship of the biceps muscle and removes all diseased biceps from the bicipital groove. The authors present their technique of open subpectoral tenodesis, which demonstrates a high success rate with consistent pain relief and dependable fixation.