Insight into the magnetic lime coagulation-membrane distillation process for desulfurization wastewater treatment: From pollutant removal feature to membrane fouling.

The high suspended solid (SS) and salts were main issues for flue gas desulfurization wastewater (FGDW). A magnetic lime coagulation (MLC)-membrane distillation (MD) integrated process was firstly applied with a self-made poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) membrane and the pollutants remove feature and membrane fouling were discussed. The SS was nearly 100 % removed and magnetic seed significantly accelerate the settleability. The flux was 43.00 kg/m2 h with a salt rejection >99 %. It was higher than 13 kg/m2 h in the first 125 h during the 18d continuous test, and the rejection for all cations, anions, total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) were higher than 99.95 %, 99.00 %, 98.81 %, and 99.65 %, respectively. Humic substances and tryptophan with 100-5000 Da were main dissolved organic matter (DOM), which were significantly removed. However, membrane fouling and wetting happened after 150 h. Scaling was the main foulants, while the organic fouling and biofouling were also detected. A new "bricklaying model" was induced to depict the formation of foulant layer, the colloids, organic matters (OMs) and microbe communities act as the "concrete", while the inorganic crystals (magnesium and calcium oxysulphides) were the "bricks". This contribution offers a new method for FGDW treatment and the membrane fouling mechanism of MD process.