Solvent alternation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities and chemical profiles of Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd.

BACKGROUND

The exploration for sustainable bioresources with a wide range of therapeutic potential is vital due to the expanding incidence of cancer and the rapid development of drug-resistant pathogens. By combining solvent-dependent extraction efficiency with antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and Mycochemical analysis, our study offers a thorough assessment of Trametes hirsuta extracts.

METHODS

In our study, the antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of Trametes hirsuta extracts made with water (H₂O), ethanol (EtOH), acetone (Ace), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and chloroform (CF) were assessed in this investigation. GC-MS and Mycochemical analysis were used to further characterize to determine their bioactive compounds.

RESULTS

The strongest antibacterial activity was shown by polar solvents represented by EtOH and H₂O, which produced inhibition zones up to 31.3 mm and MICs as low as 15.6 µg/mL against Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus raffinosus. Trametes hirsuta extracts recorded significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria alternata; EtOH and H₂O extracts once again demonstrated the lowest MIC values (15.6 µg/mL). At 50 µg/mL, the T. hirsuta EtOH extract showed the strongest antioxidant performance and strong cytotoxic activity, inhibiting almost 80% of SK-HEP-1 and PC-3 carcinoma cells. Various fatty acids, esters, sterols, and phenolic derivatives particularly linoleic acid methyl ester and n-hexadecanoic acid were establish by GC-MS profiling, and these compounds most likely support the bioactivities that have been detected. The highest concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids were found in T. hirsute EtOH and H₂O extracts.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results showed that solvent polarity significantly influences T. hirsuta bioactive profile and pharmacological potential, making this fungus a promising environmentally friendly bioresources for the design of natural antimicrobial and anticancer drugs.