Effects of probiotics BB-12 and Bifico on radiation-induced brain injury, cognitive dysfunction and gut microbiota composition.

BACKGROUND

Whole brain irradiation (WBI) is an essential treatment for brain tumors and metastases, but often leads to radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), and cognitive dysfunction, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of probiotics Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) and Bifico on WBI-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

METHODS AND

RESULTS

After 4 weeks of BB-12 and Bifico intervention, the cognitive performance of WBI mice in Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests improved significantly. The interventions also mitigated impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis, reduced the overactivation of microglia and astrocytes, and alleviated neuroinflammation. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that WBI-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced alpha diversity and increased Helicobacter abundance, was reversed by probiotic treatment. Additionally, BB-12 and Bifico restored intestinal barrier integrity, as indicated by upregulated tight junction proteins, and reduced colonic and systemic inflammation.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that probiotics BB-12 and Bifico promote recovery from RIBI and cognitive dysfunction by modulating the MGBA, providing new insights into potential strategies for intervening in RIBI and cognitive dysfunction.