Two Thumbs Down: A 10-Year Analysis of Crossbow-Related Hand and Digit Injuries in the United States.

BACKGROUND

Modern crossbow is a popular weapon used throughout the United States for outdoor recreation. Crossbow mechanics place the hand and digits at significant risk of injury while shooting or handling these weapons; however, injury patterns have been poorly documented. In this study, the authors use a national database to assess patterns of crossbow-related injuries of the hand and digits.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was conducted to identify crossbow-related hand and digit injuries over the past 10 years. Demographic data, injury timing, anatomical injury location, specific injury diagnosis, and disposition data were collected.

RESULTS

A total of 15 460 crossbow-related hand injuries were identified between 2011 and 2021. A strong temporal relationship was identified, with 89% of injuries occurring between the months of August and December. Male patients sustained most injuries (>85%). Body areas injured were the digits (93.2%) and the hand (5.7%). The most common injuries were laceration (n = 7520, 48.6%), fracture (n = 4442, 28.7%), amputation (n = 1341, 8.7%), and contusion/abrasion (n = 957, 6.2%). More than 50% of cases involved injury to the thumb, with approximately 750 thumb amputations recorded during the time period examined.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the first to document the patterns of hand and digit injuries associated with crossbow use on a national scale. These findings have important implications for public health awareness campaigns targeting hunters and support the designation of crossbow "safety wings" as a mandatory feature of crossbow design.