Influence of acute blood loss on the dynamics of pro-inflammatory cytokine content in the context of traumatic brain injury, blunt abdominal trauma, and skeletal trauma.

OBJECTIVE

Aim: To determine the dynamics of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in blood serum under conditions of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), and skeletal trauma (ST), complicated by acute blood loss, after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period.

PATIENTS AND

METHODS

Materials and

Methods

Under thiopental sodium anesthesia, male Wistar line rats were subjected to modeled TBI, BAT, and ST. In separate groups, acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight was additionally modeled. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum was determined after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period.

RESULTS

Results

Experimental traumas of various localizations were accompanied by a pronounced systemic pro-inflammatory reaction, manifested by a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The maximum of disturbances was observed in the early post-traumatic period, followed by a decrease, which only reached the control level in the case of TBI and ST. In conditions of BAT, the indicators were significantly higher compared to other localized traumas. When the modeled mechanical traumas of various localizations were complicated by acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight, the disturbances in the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the blood serum became greater. The TNF-α content in all experimental groups increased up to the 7-th day, remained at the same level up to day 14, and then decreased. The IL-1β content in blood serum reached its maximum as early as 1 day of the posttraumatic period and then decreased, but both indicators did not reach the control level by the 28-th day. In conditions of BAT, the indicator was significantly higher after 3-21 days of the post-traumatic period compared to other experimental groups.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions

Mechanical traumas of various localizations significantly differ in the nature of the manifestations of the systemic inflammatory reaction and react differently when complicated by acute blood loss. The greatest increase in the serum content of TNF-α and IL-1β is noted in conditions of blunt abdominal trauma.