Role of Gynecologic Findings in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Consensus.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the role of gynecologic findings in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) by reviewing current international guidelines and identifying relevant gynecologic co-morbidities.

METHODS

This consensus statement was developed through a systematic four-phase process: (1) comprehensive literature review across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases (inception-January 2025) using predefined search terms related to IC/BPS and gynecologic conditions; (2) assembly of a 6-member multidisciplinary expert panel including urologists, urogynecologists, gynecologists and pain specialists; (3) consensus development via modified Delphi technique comprising several electronic rating rounds and a face-to-face meeting, with consensus defined as ≥ 80% agreement; and (4) manuscript preparation with iterative review.

RESULTS

A number of associated gynecologic disorders may overlap with IC/BPS, our consensus committee identified five main co-morbid disorders: Endometriosis/Adenomyosis, Genito-Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder/Sexual Dysfunction, Overactive Pelvic Floor Muscles, Hormone- Associated Genitourinary Changes, Vulvodynia/Vestibulodynia.

CONCLUSION

While not exhaustive, this consensus highlights the most prevalent gynecologic co-morbidities supported by current literature. Clinical evaluation should prioritize a detailed medical history and pelvic examination to identify these overlapping conditions. Future directions include developing a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment algorithm to guide clinicians-including urologists, gynecologists, urogynecologists, physical therapists-in comprehensive IC/BPS care.