Synthesis of Benzazolyl Oxadiazolyl/Thiadiazolyl/Triazolyl Amines and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, In Silico and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

A new series of N2-(benzo[d]azolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole-2,5-diamine derivatives (5a-c, 6a-c) and 5-(benzo[d]azolylamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols (8a--c) were synthesized by reacting the corresponding acid hydrazides with trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (TMSNCS) under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Among the tested derivatives, compound 5c exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared with the standard drug chloramphenicol, while compounds 6b and 6c showed antifungal activity comparable to the reference drug fluconazole. Compounds 5c and 8c demonstrated antioxidant activity slightly higher than that of ascorbic acid. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding affinities toward inflammatory target proteins, supporting the observed biological data. Compound 8b exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity among the tested derivatives, though slightly lower than celecoxib. The results suggest that benzo[d]azole-linked heterocycles represent promising scaffolds for further development of multifunctional bioactive agents.