Child abuse & neglect · 2026
Shifting patterns of child sexual abuse and help-seeking in Eswatini: National evidence from two generations of young women.
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Mkhonta Temahlungwane Treasure, Lee Yi-Nuo, Huang Nicole, Chen Chuan-Yu
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Eswatini has implemented national strategies to prevent child sexual abuse (CSA) since 2009, yet little is known about how prevalence patterns and help-seeking have evolved across subgroups.
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in overall and type-specific CSA prevalence over 15 years, examine disparities by demographic and maltreatment history, and evaluate shifts in formal and informal help-seeking among young females.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Females aged 13-24 years from the nationally representative Eswatini Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys conducted in 2007 (n = 1244) and 2022 (n = 6318) were included.
METHODS: Complex survey analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate CSA prevalence and temporal changes, examine subgroup differences, and identify correlates of formal and informal help-seeking.
RESULTS: The overall CSA prevalence declined markedly over the 15-year period, from 33.6% in 2007 to 5.3% in 2022. The largest reduction was observed in the pressurized CSA, which decreased by 92.3%. The decline in the odds of CSA varied across subgroups, with the most pronounced reductions observed among females aged 18-24 years (OR = 0.15) and those with no history of emotional abuse (OR = 0.12). Physical CSA and multiple incidents predicted higher help-seeking, while intrafamilial abuse and adolescent encounter were associated with lower help-seeking.
CONCLUSION: Despite substantial declines in CSA, marked disparities persist. Prevention and intervention strategies should prioritize youth abused in familial contexts and during adolescence, with efforts to expand accessible, survivor-centered formal services.
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in overall and type-specific CSA prevalence over 15 years, examine disparities by demographic and maltreatment history, and evaluate shifts in formal and informal help-seeking among young females.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Females aged 13-24 years from the nationally representative Eswatini Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys conducted in 2007 (n = 1244) and 2022 (n = 6318) were included.
METHODS: Complex survey analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate CSA prevalence and temporal changes, examine subgroup differences, and identify correlates of formal and informal help-seeking.
RESULTS: The overall CSA prevalence declined markedly over the 15-year period, from 33.6% in 2007 to 5.3% in 2022. The largest reduction was observed in the pressurized CSA, which decreased by 92.3%. The decline in the odds of CSA varied across subgroups, with the most pronounced reductions observed among females aged 18-24 years (OR = 0.15) and those with no history of emotional abuse (OR = 0.12). Physical CSA and multiple incidents predicted higher help-seeking, while intrafamilial abuse and adolescent encounter were associated with lower help-seeking.
CONCLUSION: Despite substantial declines in CSA, marked disparities persist. Prevention and intervention strategies should prioritize youth abused in familial contexts and during adolescence, with efforts to expand accessible, survivor-centered formal services.