Hybrids/Conjugates/Chimera Drugs-Antimicrobial Hybrids: Antibiotics, Antifungals, Antituberculars, Antimalarials.

Antimicrobial hybrids are compounds that can inhibit, stop the growth of, or kill microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Antibiotics, a subset of antimicrobial agents, specifically target bacteria and include well-established classes such as β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, and oxazolidinones. Other antimicrobial hybrids are designed for treating a wide range of diseases, including fungal infections, leishmaniasis, parasitic diseases (such as trypanosomiasis and malaria), leprosy, and tuberculosis. Some hybrids are designed to treat a variety of diseases. This review highlights studies primarily published between 2000 and 2023, with a few from 2024, underscoring the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of antimicrobial hybrid research.