The risk of being Giovanni or Maria: Naming practices and child mortality during the demographic transition.

In the past, the choice of children's names was closely linked to life trajectories. This paper investigates the connection between children's names and child mortality during the demographic transition. Analysing data from the Veneto region (Northern Italy) and the Venetian parish of San Marco between 1816 and 1869, we find that traditional names are associated with higher neonatal mortality, particularly among girls. In contrast, children with unconventional names-those not named after grandparents or godparents or given the most frequent traditional names-face a lower risk of dying within the first month of life. Our findings underscore the importance of names in historical demography as predictors of demographic trajectories. Moreover, they suggest that naming practices may mirror varying levels of parental attention or a shift towards more modern concepts of childcare.