Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia · 2026
Cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone-midazolam-hydromorphone or dexmedetomidine-midazolam-hydromorphone before isoflurane anesthesia in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
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Toy Shannon, Desprez Isabelle, Beazley Shannon, Ambros Barbara
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic premedication with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and hydromorphone (DMH) versus alfaxalone, midazolam, and hydromorphone (AMH) in healthy adult rabbits under isoflurane anesthesia.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, masked crossover study.
ANIMALS: Eight healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits.
METHODS: Rabbits were sedated with 0.03 mg kg-1 dexmedetomidine, 1 mg kg-1 midazolam, and 0.1 mg kg-1 hydromorphone (DMH) or 2 mg kg-1 alfaxalone, 1 mg kg-1 midazolam, and 0.1 mg kg-1 hydromorphone (AMH) injected intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with 1-5 mg kg-1 ketamine intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. Physiological variables were recorded every 5 minutes during anesthesia. Arterial blood samples for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were obtained at baseline, 15 minutes post-premedication, 3 minutes post-preoxygenation, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes under anesthesia, and 15 minutes post-extubation. Data were compared using generalized estimating equations adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, the Kolomogorov-Smirnov test, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests.
RESULTS: Rabbits given DMH had lower heart rates (p < 0.008) and invasive systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures (p < 0.016) compared with AMH. Mean arterial pressure was 22 ± 3 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation) higher in the AMH group. The DMH group had higher PaCO2 at 15 minutes post-premedication (p < 0.001) and 15 minutes post-extubation (p < 0.027). There was no significant difference in PaO2 between treatments, but PaO2 increased following 3 minutes of preoxygenation in both groups (p < 0.001). Rabbits given DMH had a higher sedation score (p = 0.011) and a longer time to recover (p < 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Rabbits premedicated with DMH were more sedate and, under anesthesia, had significantly more cardiopulmonary depression (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, PaCO2) compared with AMH.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, masked crossover study.
ANIMALS: Eight healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits.
METHODS: Rabbits were sedated with 0.03 mg kg-1 dexmedetomidine, 1 mg kg-1 midazolam, and 0.1 mg kg-1 hydromorphone (DMH) or 2 mg kg-1 alfaxalone, 1 mg kg-1 midazolam, and 0.1 mg kg-1 hydromorphone (AMH) injected intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with 1-5 mg kg-1 ketamine intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. Physiological variables were recorded every 5 minutes during anesthesia. Arterial blood samples for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were obtained at baseline, 15 minutes post-premedication, 3 minutes post-preoxygenation, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes under anesthesia, and 15 minutes post-extubation. Data were compared using generalized estimating equations adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, the Kolomogorov-Smirnov test, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests.
RESULTS: Rabbits given DMH had lower heart rates (p < 0.008) and invasive systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures (p < 0.016) compared with AMH. Mean arterial pressure was 22 ± 3 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation) higher in the AMH group. The DMH group had higher PaCO2 at 15 minutes post-premedication (p < 0.001) and 15 minutes post-extubation (p < 0.027). There was no significant difference in PaO2 between treatments, but PaO2 increased following 3 minutes of preoxygenation in both groups (p < 0.001). Rabbits given DMH had a higher sedation score (p = 0.011) and a longer time to recover (p < 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Rabbits premedicated with DMH were more sedate and, under anesthesia, had significantly more cardiopulmonary depression (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, PaCO2) compared with AMH.