Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on olfactory dysfunction: evidence from a 3-methylindole-induced anosmia model.

BACKGROUND

Anosmia is a loss of olfactory function caused by infectious, traumatic, or chemical injury and negatively affects quality of life. 3-Methylindole (3-MI) induces olfactory epithelial damage through oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms. Melatonin is a neuroprotective hormone with antioxidant and regenerative properties.

AIMS/

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of melatonin in a 3-MI-induced mouse model of anosmia.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Sixteen adult male mice were divided into melatonin-treated and control groups (n = 8). Anosmia was induced by intraperitoneal 3-MI administration. One week later, melatonin or saline was administered. Olfactory function was assessed using the food-finding test on days 7, 14, and 21. Histopathological evaluation was performed on day 21.

RESULTS

Melatonin significantly improved olfactory performance at all time points compared with controls (p < 0.001). Histopathological analysis showed preserved epithelial structure, reduced ciliary loss, and decreased inflammation in the melatonin group.

CONCLUSIONS

Melatonin provided both functional recovery and morphological protection in a chemically induced anosmia model.

SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight melatonin's potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction following chemical injury.