Safety profile and efficacy of high-dose topical mitomycin-C for choanal atresia repair: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES

To study the effect of dose-adjusted mitomycin-c (MMC) on the recurrence rate of choanal atresia (CA), and the complication rate associated with this concentration.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study was conducted between May 2012 and March 2020 at a tertiary referral center. It included patients of all ages who were diagnosed with CA and scheduled to undergo surgical repair. The MMC group received 4.0 mg/mL of topical MMC. Both groups were followed up for the surgical outcomes and complication rates.

RESULTS

Twenty-one patients (15 females) underwent 25 CA repair procedures. The mean age was 44.85 months (standard deviation = 72.85). MMC was used in 12 (57.1%) of 21 patients. Revision CA repair was warranted in three of the nine patients who did not receive topical MMC compared to one of the 12 patients who received topical MMC. The MMC group required 1.08 ± 0.29 surgeries (range, 1-2), whereas the non-MMC group required 1.44 ± 0.73 surgeries (range, 1-3). Functional success was achieved in 17 (81%) patients who remained symptom-free until their last follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION

High-concentration MMC was considered safe in the pediatric and adult populations. Although high-concentration MMC could reduce the need for revision surgery, further studies are required to determine whether the effect is significant in a larger sample population.