Haematological trends and associated congenital anomalies in children with cleft lip and palate.

INTRODUCTION

Cleft lip and palate are prevalent congenital craniofacial anomalies affecting approximately 1 in 400 live births. These conditions result from incomplete fusion of embryonic facial processes and can lead to significant aesthetic, functional, and psychological challenges. Recent studies have suggested a possible link between cleft anomalies and haematological abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the haematological parameters and associated anomalies in children with cleft lip and/or palate admitted for surgical repair at a tertiary care hospital.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

We conducted a prospective observational study involving 100 children with cleft lip and/or palate admitted between January and December 2023. Demographic data, haematological parameters (including haemoglobin, white blood cell count, and platelet count), and associated anomalies were recorded and analysed using JAMOVI software.

RESULTS

The mean haemoglobin levels were 10.2 g/dL in cleft lip, 11.3 g/dL in cleft lip and palate, and 9.98 g/dL in cleft palate alone. Anaemia was observed in 12 children with cleft lip alone, 1 with both cleft lip and palate, and 12 with cleft palate alone. Elevated total leucocyte counts were noted in children with cleft lip and palate. Associated anomalies included Pierre Robin sequence (3%), ventricular septal defect (4%), and renal anomalies (4%). Malnutrition was detected in five children.

CONCLUSION

Anaemia and leucocytosis are common in children with cleft lip and/or palate. Comprehensive nutritional support and regular monitoring of haematological parameters are crucial for improving surgical outcomes and overall health in these patients.