Antidepressant-like effects of Nidus vespae fraction: Evidence from monoamine uptake inhibition, behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological studies.

BACKGROUND

Depression is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder involving monoaminergic imbalance, oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction. Limitations of current antidepressant therapies necessitate the exploration of safer and multi-target therapeutic alternatives.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant potential of Nidus vespae fraction through in-vitro monoamine uptake assays, in-vivo behavioral assessment, antioxidant enzyme estimation, and histopathological analysis.

METHODS

Dopamine and norepinephrine uptake inhibition was assessed using mouse brain synaptosomes. Antidepressant-like activity was evaluated using the Tail Suspension Test (TST) in male Swiss albino mice. Oxidative stress parameters were analyzed by estimating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Brain histopathology was performed to assess neuroprotective effects. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test.

RESULTS

Nidus vespae fraction produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine uptake, with the highest dose showing effects comparable to imipramine. In the TST, the fraction significantly reduced immobility time, indicating antidepressant-like activity. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant restoration of SOD and CAT levels, suggesting attenuation of oxidative stress. Histopathological examination demonstrated preserved neuronal architecture without pathological alterations.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that Nidus vespae fraction exerts antidepressant effects through dual monoaminergic modulation and antioxidant mechanisms, supporting its potential as a natural antidepressant candidate.