Age-related differences in postural stability and asymmetries among female rhythmic gymnasts: implications for injury prevention and performance enhancement.

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to determine age group differences in the postural stability of female rhythmic gymnasts, as well as the asymmetries in postural control between them.

METHODS

A total of 126 female rhythmic gymnasts (aged 6-12 years) were tested. The rhythmic gymnasts were grouped based on their age between 6-8 years (N.=45; young pioneers), 9-10 years (N.=36; pioneers), and 11-12 years (N.=45; cadets). Postural stability and asymmetry were evaluated by the Y-Balance Test (YBT) with both legs (right and left) in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Postural stability was analyzed between age categories using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn's post-hoc test, and the differences in asymmetry were determined by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS

The young pioneers (age 6-8 years) had a greater number of errors in the single-leg foam stance and tandem foam stance than the 9-10-year-old and 11-12-year-old rhythmic gymnasts (P≤0.005). They also had a greater number of errors in BESS Total scores compared to other age categories (young pioneers 18.42±5.63; pioneers 15.08±4.78 and cadets 13.89±5.61; P≤0.005). Results showed significant differences (P≤0.005) between the young pioneers (age 6-8 years) and the cadets (age 11-12 years) in normalized left and right posteromedial reach direction. No significant differences (P≥0.005) in reach asymmetry were observed among age categories.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, 6-8-year-old rhythmic gymnasts (young pioneers) should have continuum screening during training and completion development.