Life outcomes of being born with anorectal malformation: a systematic review of intersectional reporting, mental health co-morbidities, and psychosocial experiences in adulthood.

PURPOSE: Anorectal malformations exist across a spectrum of abnormalities involving the rectum, distal anus, genital and urinary tracts, and occur in approximately one in 5,000 live births. The purpose of this study was to investigate intersectional reporting, mental health co-morbidities, and psychosocial experiences of adults born with anorectal malformation.

METHODS

A systematic quantitative literature review was utilized to collect and analyze data. Articles were required to discuss population demographics, mental health comorbidities, or psychosocial experiences associated with anorectal malformation in adulthood. A total of 94 articles were found suitable for review.

RESULTS

Patient ethnicity, culture, sexuality, and spirituality were significantly underrepresented. Mental health co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression were discussed but rarely transitioned to intervention. Psychological challenges included psychosexual anxiety and limited professional knowledge. Sociological challenges included navigating health services and social settings. Literature prioritized continence outcomes that diminished psychosocial complexities.

CONCLUSIONS

The intersectionality, mental health concerns, and psychosocial experiences of adults born with anorectal malformation remain largely unknown. Allied health professionals such as social workers can improve ongoing support provision, with interventions that enhance psychosocial functioning and emotional wellbeing.