Evaluation and management of vaginoplasty complications.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Indications for vaginoplasty include congenital conditions such as adrenal hyperplasia, cloacal malformations, and Müllerian agenesis, acquired conditions including stenosis from radiation or surgical resection for malignancy, and gender affirmation. All vaginoplasty techniques carry significant risk of both immediate and long-term complications.

RECENT FINDINGS: The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the evaluation and management of the neovagina, addressing management of human papilloma virus infections and complications including stenosis, fistula, prolapse, and neovaginal colitis.

SUMMARY: Gynecologists who care for patients who have had a vaginoplasty need to understand the importance of long-term follow up and care, including evaluation and management of complications.