Prevalence and impact of endocrinopathies on growth in pediatric down syndrome patients: A retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the prevalence of endocrinopathies and their impact on growth among pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

This study utilized a retrospective cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Qatif Central Hospital between January 2015 and December 2022. Data from 358 pediatric patients with DS (aged 0-14 years), including clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory findings, were analyzed. The prevalence rates of endocrinopathies, their association with comorbidities, and their impact on growth metrics were evaluated using statistical methods.

RESULTS

Hypothyroidism was the most prevalent endocrinopathy (18.9%), followed by vitamin D deficiency (15.4%). Significant associations were observed between hypothyroidism and obesity (p=0.009), as well as vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001). Growth impairment was common, with notable deviations in height and weight Z-scores among patients with hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and obstructive sleep apnea (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Endocrinopathies are common among children with DS and substantially affect growth and health outcomes. Early screening and multidisciplinary management strategies are essential to improve patient care.