[Characteristics of the functional state of the masticatory muscles in patients with hemifacial microsomy at the stages of complex treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between functional changes in the masticatory muscles and the severity of hypoplasia of the mandibular branch in patients with hemifacial microsomy (HFM) at the stages of complex treatment. Materials and methods. Clinical X-ray examination and electromyographic examination of the masticatory muscles were performed before and at the stages of complex treatment of 32 patients with HFM aged 5-18 years (average age 12 years). Orthodontic treatment of patients was performed using removable plate devices (26), non-removable expanders (14), and the Damon self-ligating bracket system (Ormco, USA)(12) with sequential arc change. According to the indications, orthodontic mini screws Turbo (Russia) were used(8). Correctors were used for gnat training (35). In the retention period, non-removable retainers were used in the anterior part of the dentition, at night - a Corrector device, or removable plate devices.

RESULTS: Functional disorders of the masticatory and facial muscles and their relationship with the degree of damage to the condyle of the mandible were revealed. During orthodontic treatment, the shape and size of the dental arches are normalized. With the use of gnathotraining, an increase in the amplitude of the biopotentials of the masticatory muscles was found to a greater extent in patients in groups 1, 2A, to a lesser extent in group 2B, and minimal in group 3.

CONCLUSION: The technique of complex rehabilitation of patients with hemifacial microsomia, including gnathotherapy, improves the biopotential of the masticatory muscles and the circular muscle of the mouth on the affected side and the asymmetry coefficient of the average BEA on the healthy-affected sides, which in turn prevents the development and aggravation of occlusion abnormalities.