Midfacial osteotomies for treatment of maxillo-zygomatic hypoplasia in class III malocclusion - A review of current techniques.

Maxillo-zygomatic hypoplasia can result in a specific clinical form of Class III malocclusion, characterized by insufficient projection and a flat, concave appearance of the midface. Conventional Le Fort I osteotomy is considered to be an effective treatment for occlusal function and facial aesthetics, since it increases upper lips, nasolabial and paranasal region, but with insufficient soft tissue projection over the maxillo-zygomatic region. Midfacial osteotomies have the advantage of treating severe maxillo-zygomatic hypoplasia and malocclusion simultaneously with good functional, aesthetics, and stable in long-term results. Incorporating advanced technologies enhances the precision and reproducibility of these osteotomies. A narrative review of the literature was conducted, focusing on various osteotomies for the correction of maxillo-zygomatic hypoplasia with Class III malocclusion, detailing their specific characteristics, surgical techniques, and clinical effect, complemented by a decision-making algorithm to guide treatment selection.