[Hypothermia, chilblain and frostbite].

Many factors such as the environmental conditions (temperature and humidity etc.), a nutritional status, the degree of fatigue, a moisturizing state of the body, clothes, the sensitivity to coldness are involved in an outbreak of hypothermia. Children, aged persons and the presence of an underlying disease are also risk factors related to the occurrence of hypothermia. The dysfunction of the respiratory system, the circulatory system and the central nervous system is caused by a decrease in body temperature. Finally, death is brought about at 25 degrees C of body temperature or lower. Frostbite develops when tissue is exposed to -4 degrees C of coldness or lower. The extent of injury is determined by the magnitude of coldness.