Laparoscopic and robotic approach to genitourinary anomalies in children.

The evolution of laparoscopic surgery in pediatric urology has been long and slow, but is emerging steadily and seems to be here to stay. This article reviews the basic applications of laparoscopic methods in pediatric urology, including diagnostic and operative procedures. The new horizons of robotic assistance for laparoscopic surgery make highly accurate and efficient reconstructive procedures possible.