Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery: experiences from 73 stereotactic procedures.

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric neurosurgery sets particularly high standards for indications, technique, and the risk profile of surgical procedures. These standards include precise targeting procedures due to the complex anatomy of the developing brain, especially in conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumors, hydrocephalus, and cystic lesions. The Leksell G frame, a stereotactic device designed for high-accuracy localization, has been utilized across various neurosurgical procedures in both adults and children. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of stereotactic procedures in pediatric patients using the Leksell G frame.

METHODS

This single-center retrospective analysis included 58 pediatric patients (median age 9.5 [SD 5.3] years, range 8 months-17 years) undergoing 73 stereotactic procedures between September 2021 and November 2024. Postoperative neurological outcomes and perioperative complications were assessed.

RESULTS

The procedures evaluated in this study included brain tumor biopsy (n = 28, 38.4%), cyst and abscess drainage (n = 6, 8.2%), placement of intraventricular catheters or reservoirs (n = 31, 42.5%), invasive electrode placement for stereoelectroencephalography (n = 7, 9.6%), and seed placement for interstitial brachytherapy (n = 1, 1.4%). Imaging guidance (cranial MRI and cranial CT) and pediatric-specific technical adaptations enabled high precision, resulting in excellent diagnostic accuracy for biopsies, effective hydrocephalus management, and promising outcomes in patients undergoing brachytherapy. Frame-related complications were minimal, with only minor, self-resolving skin irritation at pin fixation sites, which did not require surgical revision.

CONCLUSIONS

The results underscore the reliability and versatility of the Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery. This study supports the continued use of the Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery for its precision, safety, and adaptability across a range of complex procedures.