[Prognostic analysis of anticoagulation therapy in elderly patients with cardioembolic stroke].

OBJECTIVE

To systematically evaluate the association between anticoagulant therapy and long-term outcomes (all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and hemorrhage events) in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, thereby providing evidence for clinical decision-making.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study design was adopted. A total of 567 elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke from Liang-xiang Hospital in Fangshan District, Beijing, were followed up for 4 years. The primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and hemorrhage events (including intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, urinary system bleeding, gingival bleeding, and skin and mucosal hemorrhage). Multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between anticoagulant therapy and each outcome. All statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 4.2.2).

RESULTS

A total of 567 elderly patients were included in this study, with a mean age of (73.92±9.70) years and 49.74% being male. Among them, 142 patients (25.04%) received anticoagulant therapy. During the follow-up period, 266 deaths occurred (crude mortality rate: 46.91%), 107 patients had stroke recurrence (cumulative recurrence incidence: 18.87%), and 28 patients experienced bleeding events (cumulative hemorrhage incidence: 4.94%). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke who received anticoagulant therapy had a significantly lower risk of death (OR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.41, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between anticoagulant therapy and the risk of stroke recurrence or hemorrhage (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

Anticoagulant therapy is beneficial in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, and no evidence was found that anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of stroke recurrence or hemorrhage. The study supports considering anticoagulant therapy to improve long-term survival in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, and larger prospective studies are still needed to further validate the findings.