[Coccygeal dermal sinus: Clinical relevance and management].

INTRODUCTION: The presence of a dermal sinus on a child's back is a common cause for paediatric neurosurgical consultation. The relative frequency of these lesions and fears on their possible clinical consequences enhances the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. With this work we aimed to search for the most relevant clinical features that might indicate an intradural penetration of the lesions and that may advise performing neuroimaging studies and a paediatric neurosurgical consultation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records pertaining to children diagnosed with sacro-coccygeal pits seen at our institution during the years 2005-2009 were reviewed. A Pub Med search of the most relevant articles on the subject was also performed.

RESULTS: Thirty-two children diagnosed with sacro-coccygeal pits were seen at our institution in the study period. Most cases had been sent for neurosurgical consultation by their paediatricians, paediatric surgeons or paediatricians of the emergency services in our region. Seventeen patients were submitted to some neuroimaging study and 15 were evaluated only by physical examination. In no patient was an intradural penetration of the lesion observed. The lack of reports on coccygeal sinuses probably reflects the unimportance given to these lesions in the absence of neurological involvement.

CONCLUSIONS: A detailed physical examination can reduce the number of neuroimaging studies, an intergluteal localization of the sinus being the most important diagnostic clue. Doubtful cases of an intradural penetration of the lesion can be further evaluated by ultrasound as a preliminary screening tool and by magnetic resonance and neurosurgical consultation if deemed necessary.