[Emphasizing the critical issues in perioperative management of children with congenital cataract].

Cataract is the main cause of treatable visual impairment in children. Children face more risks during the perioperative period of cataract surgery than adults because of their anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and developmental characteristics; therefore, special attention and management are required. This article comprehensively discusses the perioperative management of children's cataract surgery on the base of relevant literatures and the authors' clinical experience, including the indications and timing of surgery, preoperative examination, prevention and treatment of surgical complications, and postoperative visual function reconstruction. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 481-486).