[Hypercholesterolemia and Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Light of New Therapeutic Options].

The term "dyslipidemia", commonly used in a broad sense, refers to a clinical condition characterized by alterations in the lipid profile across all its components: total cholesterol (TOT-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). An imbalance in one or more of these parameters contributes to increased cardiovascular risk, primarily driven by the acceleration of atherosclerotic processes. Currently, numerous therapeutic options are available for the management of dyslipidemia, ranging from more conventional treatments - such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors - to more recently introduced therapies, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), bile acid sequestrants, monoclonal antibodies, dietary supplements, cholesterol synthesis and absorption inhibitors, and LDL-C excretion promoters. The aim of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the various therapeutic approaches currently available, in light of two key factors: the broad spectrum of pharmacological options, and the recent regulatory updates regarding prescriptive authority, which now allows nephrologists to prescribe newly introduced lipid lowering agents.