[A contribution to diagnosis, specificity and treatment of rhinoscleroma (author's transl)].

As a disease with a peculiar geographical distribution rhinoscleroma is a kind of chronic inflammation which may cause some diagnostic difficulties in non-endemic regions. In general, the diagnosis based on histological features and the microbiological identification of the causative agent. In case where a definite microbiological identification could not be achieved the diagnosis should be expressed in the following terms: "rhinosclerotic granuloma with features of specificity". The diagnosis is facilitated by the aid of cytological methods which are easy to perform and do not hurt the patient. The characteristic cells of the Mikulicz type may be observed in the smear. This paper presents the case of a 25-year old man with a rhinosclerotic granuloma of the larynx which caused dyspnea and aphonia. The diagnostic procedure was done by cytological, histological and ultrastructural methods. The patient was treated by surgery and by applications of antibiotics.