Exploring polyporphyrin isolated from Carica papaya seed oil in the control of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) () mosquito.

This study evaluated the insecticidal properties of polyporphyrin, a natural compound isolated from Carica papaya seed oil, against Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria. Polyporphyrin was purified through column chromatography of the methanol extract. Larvicidal activity was assessed using WHO standard protocols, and the compound showed strong effects, recording 100% mortality at 0.032 mg/mL with LD50 and LD90 values of 0.0068 and 0.0144 mg/mL, respectively. Adulticidal activity was evaluated using the CDC bottle assay, where polyporphyrin caused up to 100% mortality at 0.032 mg/mL, with LD50 and LD90 values of 0.0058 and 0.0116 mg/mL. Ovicidal testing revealed 80.20% inhibition of egg hatching at the same concentration. Molecular docking indicated effective interaction with the quadruple mutant PfDHFR-TS enzyme, suggesting potential against insecticide resistance. Molecular electrostatic potential analysis showed distinct electron-rich and electron-poor regions, supporting its specificity and reactivity as an insecticidal agent. Overall, polyporphyrin demonstrates strong multi-stage activity against An. gambiae. Further studies should assess environmental safety and field performance to support its development as an eco-friendly malaria vector control agent.