Future medicinal chemistry · 2026
Isovanillin-derived bis-hydrazones as dual cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, enzymatic profiling, and computational insights from molecular docking and dynamics.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Türkeş Cüneyt, Yapar Gönül, Duran Hatice Esra, Lolak Nebih, Akocak Suleyman
Аннотация
AIMS: To develop isovanillin-based bis-hydrazones as multitarget inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase I/II (hCA I/II).
MATERIALS & METHODS: Twelve bis-hydrazones (4a-4l) were synthesized in two steps and evaluated by spectrophotometric enzyme assays, Lineweaver-Burk kinetics, molecular docking, MM-GBSA, molecular dynamics simulations, and in silico ADME/Tox profiling.
RESULTS: All compounds showed nanomolar inhibition. Compound 4d was the most potent AChE/BChE inhibitor (KI = 10.46 and 3.56 nM), while 4a and 4j led the hCA I/II panel (KI = 3.46 and 16.12 nM). Docking, MM-GBSA, and molecular dynamics supported dual-site cholinesterase engagement and non-zinc, peripherally anchored hCA inhibition.
CONCLUSIONS: Isovanillin-based bis-hydrazones, particularly 4d, 4a, and 4j, represent promising multitarget leads for cholinergic and hCA-linked disorders.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Twelve bis-hydrazones (4a-4l) were synthesized in two steps and evaluated by spectrophotometric enzyme assays, Lineweaver-Burk kinetics, molecular docking, MM-GBSA, molecular dynamics simulations, and in silico ADME/Tox profiling.
RESULTS: All compounds showed nanomolar inhibition. Compound 4d was the most potent AChE/BChE inhibitor (KI = 10.46 and 3.56 nM), while 4a and 4j led the hCA I/II panel (KI = 3.46 and 16.12 nM). Docking, MM-GBSA, and molecular dynamics supported dual-site cholinesterase engagement and non-zinc, peripherally anchored hCA inhibition.
CONCLUSIONS: Isovanillin-based bis-hydrazones, particularly 4d, 4a, and 4j, represent promising multitarget leads for cholinergic and hCA-linked disorders.