Global research trends and hotspot evolution analysis of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: a multi-dimensional exploration based on bibliometrics.

OBJECTIVE

This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze global research trends and the evolution of hotspots in the field of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) immunotherapy between 2010 and 2024.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database for relevant literature published from 2010 to 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were utilized to perform analyses on country/institutional collaboration, keyword co-occurrence and clustering, and citation bursts for the final set of 2470 included publications.

RESULTS

The annual global publication output demonstrated a steady growth trend. The United States, China, and major European countries emerged as the core research contributors. The evolution of research hotspots revealed a distinct "three-polar pattern": a transition in treatment from traditional immunotherapy towards biologics, notably omalizumab and dupilumab; an upgrade in diagnosis from crude allergen extract testing to molecular component-resolved techniques; and the integration of guidelines, digital health, and patient-reported outcomes to form a closed-loop management system.

CONCLUSION

This study identifies a comprehensive shift within the AR immunotherapy field towards precision medicine. Future efforts should focus on real-world evidence generation for biologics, the translation of biomarkers into clinical practice, and cost-effectiveness evaluations, aiming to establish a "precise diagnosis-targeted intervention-dynamic management" clinical pathway.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1.