Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
Seizure and electroencephalographic characteristics in anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
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Shen Chun-Hong, Ming Wen-Jie, Zhang Yin-Xi, Cai Meng-Ting, Du Bin-Qing, Du Ye, Xu Yong-Feng, Wang Zhong-Jin, Guo Yi, Ding Yao, Xu Sha, Hu Yin, Zhang Xue-Mei, Wang Shuang, Ding Mei-Ping
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To delineate seizure and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics in a cohort of patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis.
METHODS: Sixty-six newly diagnosed anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients with seizures were consecutively recruited. EEG data was obtainable for 63 patients, including 24-hour video EEG (VEEG) for 35 participants. Demographics, seizure characteristics, EEG findings, and general clinical data were reviewed.
RESULTS: Among 66 patients, facial brachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), focal non-FBDS seizures, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (sGTCS) occurred in 27.3 %, 59.1 %, and 57.6 %, respectively. Piloerection was observed in 27.3 %, and daily focal seizures were reported in 74.2 %. Sex-related analysis indicated females exhibited younger onset age with higher prevalence of focal non-FBDS seizures, piloerection, and daily seizures, whereas males had more sGTCS and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities (p < 0.05). Interictal EEG revealed excessive beta activity (EBA) in 40.0 %, interictal epileptiform discharges in 22.2 %, and rhythmic delta activity in 12.7 %. Quantitative analysis provided confirmation of EBA. VEEG captured clinical events in 48.6 % and subclinical seizures (SCS) in 20.0 %.
CONCLUSIONS: We highlight seizure characteristics in anti-LGI1 encephalitis, particularly piloerection, daily focal seizures, and sex-related differences. Beyond previously reported SCS, EBA appears to be a frequent EEG pattern.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings may facilitate the recognition of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.
METHODS: Sixty-six newly diagnosed anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients with seizures were consecutively recruited. EEG data was obtainable for 63 patients, including 24-hour video EEG (VEEG) for 35 participants. Demographics, seizure characteristics, EEG findings, and general clinical data were reviewed.
RESULTS: Among 66 patients, facial brachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), focal non-FBDS seizures, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (sGTCS) occurred in 27.3 %, 59.1 %, and 57.6 %, respectively. Piloerection was observed in 27.3 %, and daily focal seizures were reported in 74.2 %. Sex-related analysis indicated females exhibited younger onset age with higher prevalence of focal non-FBDS seizures, piloerection, and daily seizures, whereas males had more sGTCS and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities (p < 0.05). Interictal EEG revealed excessive beta activity (EBA) in 40.0 %, interictal epileptiform discharges in 22.2 %, and rhythmic delta activity in 12.7 %. Quantitative analysis provided confirmation of EBA. VEEG captured clinical events in 48.6 % and subclinical seizures (SCS) in 20.0 %.
CONCLUSIONS: We highlight seizure characteristics in anti-LGI1 encephalitis, particularly piloerection, daily focal seizures, and sex-related differences. Beyond previously reported SCS, EBA appears to be a frequent EEG pattern.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings may facilitate the recognition of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.