[Pulmonary valve replacement in children].

From February 1988 to October 1994, 15 pulmonary valve replacements (PVR) have been performed at St-Justine Hospital in children with a mean age of 145.7 months. Ten children previously had a correction of tetralogy of Fallot; two had absent pulmonary valve syndrome; one had been operated on for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, one other had a correction for a ventricular septal defect with pulmonary artery banding; the last patient developed degeneration of a pulmonary bioprosthesis. The time between the primary repair and the PVR ranged from 61 to 221 months. Fourteen bioprosthesis and one aortic homograft were implanted. All patients had antiplatelet treatment. There was one operative death due to a fatal anaphylactic reaction and one late death occurred unrelated to valvular surgery. At follow-up from 1 to 187 months (mean, 40.7 months) all patients were in New York Heart Association Class 1. No hemorrhagic nor thromboembolic complication have been observed and no reoperation for bioprosthesis failure was necessary. Nevertheless in subsequent echocardiographic studies, two patients with the smallest bioprosthesis (21 mm) have developed pulmonary gradients of 80 and 85 mmHg, 65 and 80 months following PVR. While our results with PVR in children have been satisfactory, this operation should be performed only in symptomatic patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation because of progressive deterioration of the available bioprosthesis.