The Antibacterial Mechanism of Baicalin and Its Solubilization Strategy.

Baicalin is a natural compound sourced from Scutellaria baicalensis which possesses various biological activities. To date, a large amount of research has been conducted on the antibacterial activity and related mechanisms of baicalin, making it a promising candidate for new broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. However, the solubility of baicalin is limited. To improve its solubility and overcome the clinical application bottleneck, researchers have developed various solubilization techniques. Therefore, this article introduces the biological characteristics of baicalin; explores its effects as an antibacterial agent on bacterial biofilms, quorum sensing, virulence factors, inflammatory responses, and the immune system; and discusses the applications of nano-carrier loading technology, cyclodextrin inclusion technology, metal ion coordination and organometallic complexation technology, and dynamic covalent hydrogel assembly technology in improving the solubility of baicalin, thereby enhancing its antibacterial activity.