Demography of renal disease in childhood.

The demography of renal failure in childhood is examined through an analysis of the UK Renal Registry data on patients in established renal failure (ERF) and studies of chronic kidney disease populations. The predominant cause is renal dysplasia and related conditions. Congenital obstructive uropathy is the third largest group overall and the second in early childhood. Males predominate in both these groups. Antenatal diagnoses are frequently not made despite routine scanning. Those children, who present to nephrology after the age of 3 months without an antenatal diagnosis, progress to ERF later than those diagnosed antenatally. Discrepancies exist between the demography of antenatal diagnoses and those seen postnatally. This is likely to represent the limitations of antenatal ultrasound as a diagnostic screening tool.