Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of Talus fractures: An observational study of 1794 talus fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register.

BACKGROUND

Epidemiological data on talus fractures from large nationwide and multicenter studies are rare. This study aims to describe the epidemiology, fracture classification and treatment regimens of talus fractures in a large adult Swedish population.

METHODS

This observational study is based on data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) including talar fractures in patients ≥18 with a sustained fracture between 2012 and 2021. Epidemiological data on sex, age, injury date, injury mechanism and type (high or low energy trauma), fracture classification (side, type), initial treatment and mortality were analysed.

RESULTS

We included 1794 talus fractures (1757 patients, 60 % men). Mean age was 40.3 years (range 18-96), and a biphasic age distribution was seen in women. High-energy trauma caused 33 % of all talus fractures. Of all talus fractures, 817 (45.5 %) were classified as AO/OTA type A fractures (avulsion), 370 (20.6 %) as type B (neck) and 435 (24.2 %) as type C (body). The remaining 172 (9.6 %) talus fractures were not classified/unclassifiable. Men were in the majority in all fracture groups except A1. For type A1-3, B1 and C1-2 fractures, most patients were treated non-operatively; in B2-3 and C3 fractures most patients received operative management. Fracture fixation with screws was the dominating surgical treatment. The overall 30-day mortality was 0.2 %.

CONCLUSION

Talus fractures are most commonly encountered in young and middle-aged men. In contrast to men, a biphasic age distribution was observed in women. Approximately half of the talus fractures are avulsions. Operative treatment, mostly screw fixation, is performed in more complex fracture configurations (B2, B3 and C3 fractures).

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective observational cohort study.