Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2010
Immunogenicity of toxins during Staphylococcus aureus infection.
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Verkaik Nelianne J, Dauwalder Olivier, Antri Kenza, Boubekri Ilhem, de Vogel Corné P, Badiou Cédric, Bes Michèle, Vandenesch François, Tazir Mohamed, Hooijkaas Herbert, Verbrugh Henri A, van Belkum Alex, Etienne Jerome, Lina Gerard, Ramdani-Bouguessa Nadjia, van Wamel Willem J B
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Toxins are important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, but little is known about their immunogenicity during infection. Here, additional insight is generated.
METHODS: Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates.
RESULTS: IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, gamma hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P< .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2).
CONCLUSIONS: Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis.
METHODS: Serum samples from 206 S. aureus-infected patients and 201 hospital-admitted control subjects were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) G binding to 20 toxins, using flow-cytometry based technology. Antibody levels were associated with polymerase chain reaction-defined presence of toxin genes in homologous S. aureus isolates.
RESULTS: IgG levels directed to exfoliative toxin (ET) A, ETB, gamma hemolysin B (HlgB), leukocidin (Luk) D, LukE, LukS, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SElM were higher in S. aureus-infected patients than in control subjects (P < .05). Furthermore, in the S. aureus-infected patient group, IgG levels were higher if genes encoding ETA, ETB, SEA, SEC, SEH, SElQ, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) were present in the infectious isolate (P< .05). Levels of anti-SEA IgG increased during infections with sea-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 11,555 to 12,388; P<.05) but not sea-negative strains. In addition, anti-LukS IgG levels increased during skin and soft-tissue infections with luk-PV-positive (median fluorescence intensity from 15,231 to 15,911; P<.05) but not luk-PV-negative strains. Bacteremia was associated with sea (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.0) and tst (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-20.8). Skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections were associated with luk-PV (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2).
CONCLUSIONS: Many toxins are expressed in vivo and recognized by the immune system during staphylococcal infections, suggesting their involvement in S. aureus pathogenesis.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, BacterialBacterial ToxinsCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GInfantInfant, NewbornLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceReproducibility of ResultsStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusStatistics, Nonparametric