Child abuse & neglect · 2025
Effects of victim mental illness on child sexual abuse case judgments: Expectation violation theory application.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Wang Yan, Stevenson Margaret C
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for mental illness, which might influence jurors' judgments in CSA trials.
OBJECTIVE: We apply expectation violation theory to explore the influence of victim mental illness and expert testimony on mock jurors' case judgments in a CSA mock trial.
HYPOTHESES: We expected mock jurors would perceive an alleged CSA victim with a mental illness diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression as more plausibly abused than a victim with no diagnosis, and in turn, be more conviction-prone. We also expected that expert psychologist testimony (vs. no expert testimony) would elicit greater pro-victim case judgments (e.g., guilt).
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants (N = 235, Mage = 39; 52 % women; 64.5 % White) were recruited on Prolific.
METHODS: Participants rendered case judgments after reading a summarized CSA mock trial in which the victim's mental illness and a psychologist's expert testimony presence were experimentally manipulated in a 3 (victim mental illness diagnosis: PTSD, depression, no diagnosis) X 2 (expert testimony: present vs. absent) between-subjects design.
RESULTS: Although there were no effects of expert testimony, mock jurors perceived the defendant as less credible (Mdiff = ±0.44, SE = 0.18, p = .035, 95 % CIs[-0.8616, -0.0251]), and were more likely to convict (Mdiff = ±23.93, SE = 9.83, p = .041, 95 % CIs[0.7329, 47.1296]) when the victim was diagnosed with PTSD versus depression or no mental illness. Perceived defendant credibility mediated the effect of victim PTSD diagnosis on increased conviction rates, Indirect Effect = 4.93(2.87), 95 % CIs[0.37, 11.46].
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that victim PTSD diagnoses might increase convictions in CSA cases.
OBJECTIVE: We apply expectation violation theory to explore the influence of victim mental illness and expert testimony on mock jurors' case judgments in a CSA mock trial.
HYPOTHESES: We expected mock jurors would perceive an alleged CSA victim with a mental illness diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression as more plausibly abused than a victim with no diagnosis, and in turn, be more conviction-prone. We also expected that expert psychologist testimony (vs. no expert testimony) would elicit greater pro-victim case judgments (e.g., guilt).
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants (N = 235, Mage = 39; 52 % women; 64.5 % White) were recruited on Prolific.
METHODS: Participants rendered case judgments after reading a summarized CSA mock trial in which the victim's mental illness and a psychologist's expert testimony presence were experimentally manipulated in a 3 (victim mental illness diagnosis: PTSD, depression, no diagnosis) X 2 (expert testimony: present vs. absent) between-subjects design.
RESULTS: Although there were no effects of expert testimony, mock jurors perceived the defendant as less credible (Mdiff = ±0.44, SE = 0.18, p = .035, 95 % CIs[-0.8616, -0.0251]), and were more likely to convict (Mdiff = ±23.93, SE = 9.83, p = .041, 95 % CIs[0.7329, 47.1296]) when the victim was diagnosed with PTSD versus depression or no mental illness. Perceived defendant credibility mediated the effect of victim PTSD diagnosis on increased conviction rates, Indirect Effect = 4.93(2.87), 95 % CIs[0.37, 11.46].
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that victim PTSD diagnoses might increase convictions in CSA cases.