Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026
[Effect of pioglitazone on periodontitis-related renal injury in mice and its relationship with Klotho].
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Shang Yaqi, Hu Mengting, Che Zhenzhen, Liu Xinchan, Deng Yu, Yu Weixian
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the protective effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist pioglitazone on renal injury linked to periodontitis in mice and to preliminarily explore the relationship between this effect and Klotho.
METHODS: A total of 24 eight-week-old C57 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), periodontitis (P), and pioglitazone treatment (P+Pio). Silk ligation was employed to induce experimental periodontitis around the maxillary second molars, and pioglitazone was administered through oral gavage. After eight weeks, the mice were euthanized. The maxillae were subjected to Micro-CT scanning. Periodontal and kidney tissues underwent hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining. Renal ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. The levels of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed through MitoSOX red fluorescence staining. Serum concentrations of creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (Alb) were evaluated, in addition to urinary protein levels. The gene and protein expression levels of PPAR-γ, Klotho, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and serine/threonine kinase (AKT) were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS: Micro-CT and periodontal histological analysis indicated substantial alveolar bone loss and heightened periodontal pocket depth in the second molar region of the P group relative to the C group. The P+Pio group exhibited reduced effects, compared with the P group. Histological examination of renal tissue and TEM revealed pathological damage in the P group. Pathological damage was alleviated in the P+Pio group. Biochemical assays and MitoSOX staining indicated that the P group demonstrated lower levels of SOD and GSH levels than the C group and increased MDA and ROS levels. Compared with the P group, the P+Pio group exhibited elevated levels of SOD and GSH and reduced levels of MDA and ROS. No notable differences were detected in Cre, BUN, and Alb levels across the groups. qRT-PCR and IHC revealed a reduction in PPAR-γ and Klotho expression levels in the renal tissues and an increase in PI3K and AKT expression levels in the P group compared with the C group. In the P+Pio group, the expression levels of PPAR-γ and Klotho were elevated relative to those of the P group, whereas expression levels of PI3K and AKT were decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can alleviate renal damage associated with periodontitis in mice, and its effect may be related to the upregulation of Klotho expression.
METHODS: A total of 24 eight-week-old C57 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), periodontitis (P), and pioglitazone treatment (P+Pio). Silk ligation was employed to induce experimental periodontitis around the maxillary second molars, and pioglitazone was administered through oral gavage. After eight weeks, the mice were euthanized. The maxillae were subjected to Micro-CT scanning. Periodontal and kidney tissues underwent hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining. Renal ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. The levels of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed through MitoSOX red fluorescence staining. Serum concentrations of creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (Alb) were evaluated, in addition to urinary protein levels. The gene and protein expression levels of PPAR-γ, Klotho, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and serine/threonine kinase (AKT) were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS: Micro-CT and periodontal histological analysis indicated substantial alveolar bone loss and heightened periodontal pocket depth in the second molar region of the P group relative to the C group. The P+Pio group exhibited reduced effects, compared with the P group. Histological examination of renal tissue and TEM revealed pathological damage in the P group. Pathological damage was alleviated in the P+Pio group. Biochemical assays and MitoSOX staining indicated that the P group demonstrated lower levels of SOD and GSH levels than the C group and increased MDA and ROS levels. Compared with the P group, the P+Pio group exhibited elevated levels of SOD and GSH and reduced levels of MDA and ROS. No notable differences were detected in Cre, BUN, and Alb levels across the groups. qRT-PCR and IHC revealed a reduction in PPAR-γ and Klotho expression levels in the renal tissues and an increase in PI3K and AKT expression levels in the P group compared with the C group. In the P+Pio group, the expression levels of PPAR-γ and Klotho were elevated relative to those of the P group, whereas expression levels of PI3K and AKT were decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone can alleviate renal damage associated with periodontitis in mice, and its effect may be related to the upregulation of Klotho expression.