Developmental enamel defects in children from Haryana: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) are developmental enamel defects with increasing clinical significance in pediatric populations. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent the complications and guide effective treatment planning.

AIM: To assess the prevalence and clinical features of MIH and HSPM among school children in Rohtak, Haryana, India, using the modified European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2205 children aged 3-6 years (for HSPM) and 12-14 years (for MIH) using the multistage cluster sampling. Clinical examination was carried out by a single calibrated examiner. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MIH was 6.57% and HSPM was observed in 6.41% of children. In MIH cases, brown demarcated opacities and posteruptive enamel breakdown were predominant findings. In HSPM, white opacities were the most frequent presentation. A unique finding of the present study was the presence of hypomineralized lesions in permanent canines and premolars in a subset of patients.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of MIH and HSPM in this North Indian population indicates a need for increased awareness and early diagnosis. School-based screening and use of standardized diagnostic criteria are essential for timely management.