Endothelins: an overview of recent achievements.

The aim of this study is to review the recent developments in research on the pathophysiological role of endothelins in the reproductive system and lungs, as well as in systemic disorders such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. The international literature of the last 9 years, as available on MEDLINE, was duly scanned. Only relevant, original and update studies were selected for the purpose of this survey. The results of the most significant studies in humans are summarized. The potential roles of endothelins in systemic diseases are currently under investigation. A possible role of these peptides is suggested in the pathophysiology of heart failure and in the mechanism of post-ischemic renal failure. Studies have been conducted also on other systems, namely the reproductive system, the endocrine system and the lungs as well as on a number of tissue disorders such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome multiple organ failure, preeclampsia and related abnormalities. Full understanding of the role and action of this group of regulatory mediators in tissues should enable complete insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of localized diseases as well as of multiple organ diseases. As a result, adequate therapy may be established.