Chronic Kidney Disease and Cellular Senescence.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney aging share many pathological and molecular features, with cellular senescence emerging as a potentially important contributor to disease progression. Senescent cells accumulate in the kidneys due to persistent stressors, contributing to chronic inflammation and fibrosis via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review explores the intersection between CKD and renal aging, focusing on the mechanisms driving senescence, its impact on kidney function, and potential therapeutic interventions. We explore various senotherapeutic approaches, such as senolytics, senomorphics, and rejuvenating agents, and highlight the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in detecting and monitoring senescent cells, enabling high-throughput and precise assessment across experimental and clinical settings. Understanding these mechanisms offers new avenues for developing targeted treatments to slow CKD progression and improve patient outcomes.