Pre-pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS

Pregnancy cohort recruited pregnancies between 16 and 18 weeks. BMI evaluated underweight, BMI<18.5, normal, BMI 18.5-25, overweight BMI 25-30, and obese BMI>30 women.

RESULTS

Pre-pregnancy BMI classified 331 women as underweight (11.7%), 1982 normal (69.9%), 326 overweight (11.5%), and 188 as obese (6.6%). Obese women were more likely to develop gestational diabetes (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), preeclampsia (p<0.001), need labor induction (p<0.001), cesarean delivery for fetal distress (p<0.001), postpartum hemorrhage (p=0.003), need neonatal resuscitation (p=0.001) and deliver hypoglycemic infants (p=0.007). Being underweight is correlated with fetal growth restriction (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a risk factor for gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, labor induction, cesarean for fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal hypoglycemic and need for resuscitation. Being underweight is risk factor for fetal growth restriction.