Oxandrolone Treatment Results in an Increased Risk of Gonadarche in Prepubertal Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome.

CONTEXT: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic condition in which males have an extra X chromosome. KS is associated with testosterone deficiency, neurodevelopmental delays, and cardiometabolic disorders. There has been recent interest in prepubertal androgen treatment; however, the effects on puberty and gonadal function are unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To compare onset of puberty and testicular function in prepubertal boys treated with 2 years of oxandrolone (Ox) vs placebo (Pl).

DESIGN

Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

SETTING

Single tertiary care referral center.

PARTICIPANTS

Eighty prepubertal boys with KS; mean age: 8.0 ± 2.2 years (range: 4 to 12).

INTERVENTIONS: Ox 0.05 mg/kg vs identical-appearing Pl capsule given for 2 years.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset of gonadarche (testicular volume ≥4 mL) and onset of pubarche (Tanner 2 pubic hair); change in testicular hormone concentrations.

RESULTS

Ox-treated group had 20.5 times higher odds of reaching gonadarche (OR 95% CI: 6.5, 77.8) and 28.1 times higher odds of reaching pubarche (OR 95% CI: 8.8, 110.4) during the 2-year study period after adjusting for baseline age. Gonadarche and pubarche both occurred at a younger age in the Ox group (gonadarche: 9.8 ± 1.5 vs 12.1 ± 1.0 years, P < 0.001; pubarche: 10.2 ± 1.1 vs 11.6 ± 1.3 years, P = 0.02). Serum concentrations of testicular hormones and gonadotropins were not different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Two years of Ox treatment in prepubertal boys with KS results in an increased risk of early gonadarche, on average 2 years earlier than in Pl-treated boys. Ox did not affect serum concentrations of testicular hormones.