Mimetic surgery for the paralyzed face. Neural and plastic procedures.

One hundred and thirty-eight patients with facial nerve paralyses were treated by various surgical methods. One hundred and six patients had total facial nerve paralyses and thirty-two had segmental paralyses. In the total paralysis group, 80 patients had oncologic procedures or tumor induced paralysis. In the segmental paralysis group, 21 patients had malignancies. Two patients had idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. In the total paralysis group, 75 had neural reconstructions, 7 neuromuscular pedicles and 26 muscle-fascia transpositions. The segmental paralysis group was divided into an upper facial palsy group (N = 14) and lower facial palsy group (N = 18). Twelve patients had neural transpositions, six had muscle-fascia transpositions and 16 had plastic reconstructions. The results were analyzed by various methods and grading systems. The data indicates that neural repairs produce better results than muscle-fascia transpositions or plastic reconstructions. Within the repairs, the procedures are listed in an hierarchical order of cosmetic and functional results. The average follow-up for the entire group is 3.4 years. The average follow-up for the neural repair group is 3.6 years, and for the muscle fascia transpositions is 14.4 months.