Metabolomics study of the hepatoprotective effect of total flavonoids of Mallotus apelta leaf in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Mallotus apelta leaf, recorded in the quality standard of Yao Medicinal Material in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, is commonly used in the treatment of liver diseases. Total flavonoids of M. apelta leaf (TFM) had good anti-fibrosis activity, but the anti-fibrosis mechanism of TFM is still unclear. Nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to study the dynamic changes of urine metabolites in CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis before and after TFM treatment. Ingenuity Path Analysis (IPA) was used to find potential target genes for TFM to improve liver fibrosis and verify the expression of target genes by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting. TFM can significantly reduce serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, improve liver steatosis and reduce inflammation; in urine metabolomics, a total of seven potential biomarkers were found, mainly involving two metabolic pathways; IPA analysis showed that TNF may be a potential target for TFM to improve liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. This study found that TNF may be a potential target gene for TFM treatment of liver fibrosis, and shows that the anti-fibrosis mechanism of TFM could improve liver fibrosis by regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle and subtaurine metabolism.