Enhancing Cadaveric Soft-Tissue Dissection Training for Plastic Surgery Residents: A Feasibility Study of a Novel Soft-Embalming Solution Versus Formaldehyde and Thiel Methods.

BACKGROUND

Cadaver-based learning remains a cornerstone of anatomic and surgical training, particularly in plastic surgery, where tissue fidelity and pliability are crucial. Although formaldehyde-based embalming is widely used, it presents health risks and compromises tissue quality. Alternatives like Thiel and saturated salt solutions offer improvements but may not perform optimally in tropical climates.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel soft-embalming solution as a safer, more realistic alternative to formaldehyde and Thiel methods for cadaver preservation in plastic surgery education.

METHODS

Cadavers embalmed with the novel solution were compared to those preserved using formaldehyde and Thiel technique. Plastic surgery training sessions involving postgraduate students, residents, and expert instructors were conducted to assess tissue color, texture, pliability, skin integrity, and overall suitability of cadavers for surgical procedures.

RESULTS

The novel soft-embalming solution demonstrated superior performance over formaldehyde in anatomical realism, tissue flexibility, odor control, and feasibility for plastic surgical training, particularly in procedures requiring detailed neurovascular dissection and flap elevation, as opined by the residents. Although its performance was comparable primarily to Thiel method, the novel solution offered advantages such as better skin integrity and reduced fungal growth, with minor limitations noted in distal tissue preservation and joint flexibility.

CONCLUSIONS

This novel soft-embalming solution presents a viable, safer, and climate-adapted alternative to traditional methods. Its enhanced realism and reduced toxicity make it particularly suited for plastic surgery training and may significantly improve surgical skills development in anatomy and medical education.