Pharmaceutical biology · 2013
Male rat hormone imbalance, testicular changes and toxicity associated with aqueous leaf extract of an antimalarial plant: Phyllanthus niruri.
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Asare George Awuku, Bugyei Kwasi, Fiawoyi Irene, Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius, Gyan Ben, Adjei Samuel, Addo Phyllis, Otu-Nyarko Lydia, Nyarko Alexander
Аннотация
CONTEXT: Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), a medicinal plant traditionally known for dissolving kidney stones, is used prophylactically as an antimalarial agent.
OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to determine its effect on some male hormones and other toxicological properties due to paucity of its data despite its wide use.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (100-140 g) were used. Group 1 [control group (C), n = 6] received water. Group 2 [low-dose test group (LD), n = 6] received 50 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) aqueous leaf extract orally. Group 3 [high-dose test group (HD), n = 6] received 500 mg/kg b.wt. extract for 90 days. Upon sacrifice, among other organs the testes were harvested. Blood samples drawn were used for biochemical (including progesterone, estrogen and testosterone), cytotoxicity and hematological assays.
RESULTS: C, LD and HD estrogen values were 192 ± 25, 385 ± 122 and 962 ± 357 pg/ml, respectively. In the same order, progesterone values were 96 ± 24, 155 ± 45 and 320 ± 80 pg/ml, respectively. Testosterone levels were 5210 ± 1090, 4710 ± 220 and 4500 ± 580 pg/ml, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the estrogen and progesterone levels (p = 0.001). Degenerative changes were observed histologically. Cytotoxicity at 50% (CC50) was 10.0 µg/ml.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This antimalarial plant is mildly cytotoxic with male antifertility properties.
OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to determine its effect on some male hormones and other toxicological properties due to paucity of its data despite its wide use.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (100-140 g) were used. Group 1 [control group (C), n = 6] received water. Group 2 [low-dose test group (LD), n = 6] received 50 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) aqueous leaf extract orally. Group 3 [high-dose test group (HD), n = 6] received 500 mg/kg b.wt. extract for 90 days. Upon sacrifice, among other organs the testes were harvested. Blood samples drawn were used for biochemical (including progesterone, estrogen and testosterone), cytotoxicity and hematological assays.
RESULTS: C, LD and HD estrogen values were 192 ± 25, 385 ± 122 and 962 ± 357 pg/ml, respectively. In the same order, progesterone values were 96 ± 24, 155 ± 45 and 320 ± 80 pg/ml, respectively. Testosterone levels were 5210 ± 1090, 4710 ± 220 and 4500 ± 580 pg/ml, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the estrogen and progesterone levels (p = 0.001). Degenerative changes were observed histologically. Cytotoxicity at 50% (CC50) was 10.0 µg/ml.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This antimalarial plant is mildly cytotoxic with male antifertility properties.